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Electromagnetic (EM) methods include frequency domain EM methods, such as EM induction, EM utility locator/metal detection methods, very low frequency (VLF) EM, and controlled source audio -frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT); as well as time domain EM methods (TDEM). Bay has successfully utilized a wide variety of EM methods during various hydrogeologic and environmental investigations.
EM induction and EM utility location are the most common EM techniques applied to shallow engineering and environmental investigations. These applications include:
- Locate buried tanks and pipes
- Locate pits and trenches containing metallic and/or nonmetallic debris
- Delineate landfill boundaries
- Delineate oil production sumps and mud pits
- Map conductive soil and groundwater contamination
- Characterize subsurface hydrogeology
- Map buried channel deposits
- Map geologic structure
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